Chartist demonstration at Kennington, 1848
Ancient Greek Politics and Political Thought
UC Berkeley, Spring 2022. Undergraduate lecture course. This class explores the varieties of political experience and ideas in the ancient Greek world, focusing on the Classical era. We consider different regime types (kingship, tyranny, democracy, oligarchy), places (Athens, Sparta, Crete, Syracuse, and beyond Hellas, Persia, Carthage, and Egypt), political forms (city-state, nation, alliance, empire), institutions (assembly, council, courts, offices) and persons (political leaders or “demagogues,” citizens, women, foreign residents, slaves). The readings are broadly chronological and include a wide variety of sources: epic and elegiac poetry, tragic and comic drama, history, inscriptions, speeches, pamphlets, and philosophy. Throughout, we keep an eye on the similarities and differences between ancient Greek and modern political ideas and practices, particularly with respect to three themes: political agency, democracy, and justice.
Syllabus
S22
Evaluations
S22
Aristotle's Politics
UC Berkeley, Fall 2021. Graduate seminar co-taught with Kinch Hoekstra (mean student evaluation 5.25/7). In this course, we read the whole of Aristotle's Politics, spending two weeks on each book (combining Books VII and VIII for this purpose). Prior knowledge of ancient Greek is not necessary, although we have the original on hand and discuss the meaning of the Greek as we go. This is a communal scholarly journey, featuring two faculty as lead teachers but drawing on graduate students and any other interested faculty members as equal collaborators. Theory grads in their first and second years are particularly encouraged to attend, but all graduates with an interest in theory in our department and proximate ones are welcome. Topics include the polis (city-state), oikos (household), freedom, slavery, Aristotle's interpretation of Plato, citizenship, democracy, oligarchy, Aristotle's ideal political system, the political implications of economic disparity, and how to think about and avoid political revolution.
Syllabus
F21
Evaluations
F21
Liberty, Ancient and Modern
UC Berkeley, Spring 2021 (online). Graduate seminar (mean student evaluation 6.67/7). In a classic lecture of 1819, Benjamin Constant represented the “liberty of the ancients” as collective public liberty—that is, direct political power—predicated on war and slavery, combined with citizens’ total subservience to the community as private individuals. By contrast, he represented modern liberty as a tissue of private liberties, such as liberty of speech, religion, and association, predicated on peace and commerce, combined with political representation—that is, a division of political labour between rulers and ordinary citizens. How plausible was that account? In the first part of this course, we study the conceptualization of liberty (eleutheria, libertas) and its opposite, slavery, and some aspects of both public and private life in ancient Athens, Sparta, and Rome. In the second part, we explore how a selection of canonical early modern authors approached the idea of liberty, paying special attention to the role that claims about ancient Greece and Rome and the concepts of public and private played in their thought. In the process, we consider how far these men’s writings suggest the existence of two distinct theoretical traditions (one more “political,” foregrounding the concept of sovereignty, the other more “economic,” foregrounding natural sociability). We close with two weeks on the French Revolution, asking how far it constituted an attempt to return to the politics of the ancient world, and finally, a return to Constant in the light of what we’ve learned.
Syllabus
S21
Evaluations
S21
Modern Political Thought (c. 1789-c. 1970)
UC Berkeley, Spring 2021 (online). Undergraduate lecture course (mean student evaluation 5.65/7). This course introduces some key moments in the history of the modern world through the writings of some its most stimulating and influential—though not always frequently studied—political thinkers and actors. The material is presented chronologically in the form of seven modules: (1) the French Revolution; (2) the division of labour and representation; (3) responses to capitalism and slavery; (4) Kultur and its discontents; (5) the Russian Revolution; (6) interwar and postwar politics; and (7) critiques of modernity. While the list of authors we’ll read is long and varied (including geographically), excerpts will be short, and the instructor will provide all necessary context. There are no prerequisites, and in the hope of providing some fascinating mental fodder for anyone interested in politics today, newcomers to the world of political theory are very welcome.
Syllabus
S21
Evaluations
S21
Athenian Democracy
UC Berkeley, Spring 2021 (online) and 2022. Freshman seminar (mean student evaluation 2021 - 6.44/7, 2022 - 7/7). In classical Athens, ordinary citizens ruled over the political elite. That's what demokratia, “rule by the people,” meant. How did non-elite Athenians pull that off? In this seminar, we’ll explore two fascinating, important and in some respects baffling short texts, both titled “The Constitution of the Athenians,” one attributed to Xenophon and the other to a student of Aristotle. We’ll also look at some additional brief extracts from Herodotus, Thucydides, Plato, and Aristotle. Though the material concerns ancient Greek politics, we’ll approach it with all our assumptions and anxieties about modern democracy in mind. How different was ancient Greek democracy from what we call democracy today—and could we manage something more like it here?
Syllabus
S21
Evaluations
S21
Syllabus
S22
Evaluations
S22
History of Political Thought: Ancient and Medieval
UC Berkeley, Fall 2019. Graduate seminar (mean student evaluation 6.54/7). An opportunity to explore the political thought of the ancient Greeks, Romans, and early and medieval Christians from Plato to Marsilius. The emphasis is on canonical texts likely to be of most use to those preparing to teach in this or a related field, but anyone curious about the politics or the philosophy of these periods is encouraged to enrol. No Greek or Latin is assumed, though we will be attentive to original terminology and key terms will be taught and discussed throughout the course. Historical context will be supplied by the instructor and by additional recommended readings if desired.
Syllabus
F19
Evaluations
F19
Democracy Ancient and Modern
Yale University, Spring 2019; UC Berkeley, Spring 2023 (upcoming). Undergraduate lecture course (mean student evaluation 2019 - 4.8/5). Dēmokratia, democratia, democracy. What did this term mean to the ancient Greeks who coined it, to the Romans who borrowed it, to the early modern Europeans who discussed it—and what does it mean today? Who or what was the original dêmos, how did it rule, and how different is the interpretation of “rule by the people” that now predominates? Starting with the first attestations of da-mo in the 12th century BC and ending with Iceland’s recent attempt to crowdsource its constitution, this course offers a chronological exploration of the idea and practice of democracy intended to broaden our imaginative horizons with respect to what democracy has been, is, and could become.
Syllabus
S19
Evaluations
S19
Ancient Greek Political Development
Yale University, Spring 2016 and Fall 2018. Graduate seminar (mean student evaluations 2016 - 4.8/5, 2018 - 4.5/5). This course explores the varieties of political experience in the ancient Greek world in the Archaic, Classical and (briefly) Hellenistic eras. Attention is given to different regime types (kingship, tyranny, democracy, oligarchy), places (e.g. Athens, Sparta, Crete, Carthage, Syracuse, and beyond Hellas, Persia and Egypt), political forms (city-state, nation, alliance, empire), institutions (assembly, council, courts, offices) and persons (political leader, citizen, woman, foreign resident, slave). The readings are broadly chronological and include a wide variety of sources: epic and elegiac poetry, tragic and comic drama, history, inscriptions, speeches, pamphlets, and philosophy.
Syllabus
Evaluations S16
Evaluations
F18
Plato, Aristotle, Cicero
Yale University, Fall 2018; UC Berkeley, Spring 2022. Mixed graduate and advanced undergraduate seminar (mean student evaluation 2018 - 4.6/5, 2022 - 6.9/7). An opportunity to read, or to re-read, the most significant political statements of three foundational figures in the Western political tradition, paying due attention to both historical context and philosophical argument. It also aims to stimulate reflection on key elements of the modern political lexicon (e.g. politics, democracy, republic, justice, citizenship) by engaging with their Greek and Latin origins. Of particular interest will be the conceptualization of and relationships between a) the good (to agathon), the just (to dikaion) and the advantageous (to sympheron), and b) the honourable (honestas) and the useful (utilitas).
Syllabus F18
Evaluations F18
Syllabus S22
Evaluations
(Undergrad)
S22
Evaluations
(Graduate)
S22
Classics of Ethics, Politics and Economics
Yale University, Spring 2018. Undergraduate seminar required for students majoring in Ethics, Politics and Economics (mean student evaluation 4.4/5). This course explores some influential texts in the Western intellectual tradition, selected to promote reflection on three deceptively simple topics: What is ethics? What is politics? What is economics? As well as situating authors in their historical contexts and considering their engagements with their predecessors, we will keep a special eye on the following inquiry. How did ancient Greek oikonomia, the science of household management, ‘turn into’ modern economics, the master discipline of our time, which claims to illuminate choice-making under any and all conditions of scarcity—and what changing ethical and political presuppositions did this transformation involve?
Syllabus
S18
Evaluations
S18
Historical and Political Thought from Herodotus to Machiavelli
Yale University, Fall 2015. Intensive first-year undergraduate seminar (mean student evaluation 4.9/5). An introduction to ancient and medieval historical and political thought, offered as part of Yale's Directed Studies program. Readings from Herodotus, Thucydides, Plato, Aristotle, Polybius, Livy, Tacitus, Augustine, Alfarabi, Maimonides, Aquinas, and Machiavelli.
Syllabus
F15
Evaluations
F15
